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CIPS L4M5 (Commercial Negotiation) exam is a professional certification exam that assesses an individual's knowledge and skills in commercial negotiation. The Certified Institute of Procurement and Supply (CIPS) is the awarding body for L4M5 Exam, and it is recognized globally as a leading qualification for procurement and supply chain professionals.

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CIPS Commercial Negotiation Sample Questions (Q185-Q190):

NEW QUESTION # 185
When developing a negotiation approach, according to recognised theory (for example, Mendelow), how should stakeholders with high interest but low power be managed?

  • A. Key player
  • B. Minimal effort
  • C. Keep satisfied
  • D. Keep informed

Answer: D

Explanation:
According to Mendelow's Stakeholder Matrix, stakeholders with high interest but low power should be managed by keeping them informed. These stakeholders are invested in the outcome but lack the influence to change it, so keeping them updated helps in maintaining their support and managing expectations without intensive resources or prioritization. This approach aligns with CIPS guidance on stakeholder management in negotiation planning.


NEW QUESTION # 186
Representatives from South African Department of Health is negotiating the price of hospital drugs with US pharmaceutical companies. Which of the following are most likely to be macro factors that influence the outcomes of the negotiation? Select TWO that apply.

  • A. Forward integration
  • B. Regulations on health and safety Switching costs of buyer
  • C. Digitalisation of medicine
  • D. Order quantity

Answer: B,C

Explanation:
All one-to-one commercial negotiations between a specific purchaser and a specific supplier take place within an industrial market and a larger business environment characterised by multiple forces which both parties typically have little control over. STEEPLE framework highlights the 6 main external influences on a business:
Table Description automatically generated

Particularly, pharmaceutical industry is a heavily regulated sector, therefore, legal and regulatory matters in the industry is highly important. Otherwise, technological trends also permeate into pharmaceutical companies, technologies like digitalisation may transform the balance of power in such negotiation.
LO 1, AC 1.3


NEW QUESTION # 187
A buying organisation with a low spend but the reputation for paying on-time. In order to increase buyer's leverage in negotiation with suppliers, which of the following should be a priority of this buyer?

  • A. Volume separation
  • B. Spend concentration
  • C. Unclear tender award criteria
  • D. Unavailable technical support

Answer: B

Explanation:
According to Paul Steele's 'The Seller's Perspective', customer can be classified into 4 categories as below:
To increase the leverage in negotiation, buyer may increase its attractiveness and/or increase spend value. In this scenario, the buyer is already attractive to supplier as it always pays on-time, but the spend is still low. So to have greater leverage, the buyer has to increase its spend volume by spend concentration. Spend concentration may take many forms as following:
- Vendor base reduction
- Volume pooling
- Volume redistribution
- Volume consolidation across categories
- Standardisation and harmonisation of specifications
- Forming purchasing consortia
Chart, treemap chart Description automatically generated

LO 1, AC 1.3


NEW QUESTION # 188
Which of the following can help both parties to break the vicious cycle of blame when a relationship needs repairing? Select TWO that apply.

  • A. Emotional-based assessment
  • B. Focusing onpositions
  • C. Conflict management skills
  • D. Both parties understand each other's goals
  • E. Constant shadowing and oversights

Answer: C,D

Explanation:
In order to break vicious cycle of blame, procurement will need to use their negotiation and conflict management skills,adopting a collaborative and integrative approach. Your first action should be to establish the facts that led to the situation where the relationship broke down. Most day-to-day relationship between buying organisations and suppliers do not of course involve procurement staff, so you will need to consult with your business partners internally to establish their point of view of where the issue and sources of conflict are. You should also contact the supplier and get their side of the story - this is particularly to when you have previously identified the supplier as critical or otherwise important to your operations. Ideally you will be able to apply principled negotiation here, separating the people from the issue, focusing on interests and not positions,and then looking for options of mutual benefits.


NEW QUESTION # 189
Which of the following is the process enabling the buyer to sharewith the supplier their purposes and needs to focus on some specific areas such as quality, cost, social and environmental standards, etc in the supplier's bids?

  • A. Supplier conditioning
  • B. Supply positioning
  • C. Supplier appraisal
  • D. Supplier selection

Answer: A

Explanation:
Supplier conditioning is the process of influencing a supplier or suppliers to behave in a certain way, or to accept certain circumstances. Within a negotiation, the buyer needs to make sure that the supplier has a number of messages in mind, about the outcomes that the buyer needs to achieve and about the shared sense of purpose that buying organisation has in achieving these outcomes.
Supplier appraisal is a process of evaluating a supplier's ability to carry out a contract in term of quality, delivery, price and other contributing factors.
Supplier positioning is the process of classifying spend with a supplier in terms of the profit potential and supply risk and assists in prioritising categories of spend and developing the rightstrategy.
Supplier selection is the process of selecting a supplier to acquire the necessary materials to support the outputs of organisations. Selection of the best and/or the most suitable suppliers is based on assessing supplier capabilities (Shih et al., 2004).


NEW QUESTION # 190
......

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